SERIF
Letter forms with ‘feet’ or serifs at the end of the down strokes. The shape of the feet are used to classify the style of the letter form.

HUMANIST
The capitals were inspired by Roman Carvings. Lowercase letters were inspired by the 15th century humanistic writing styles. The forms of the letters respect the gestures of the human hand when writing as they are loosely based on calligraphic forms.

TRANSITIONAL
Stronger contrast between the thick and thin strokes. The characters are usually wider than old style letter forms and have sharper serifs.

SCRIPT
Script typefaces are based upon the style of lettering making in handwriting and calligraphy. Usually split into two groups, formal and casual. Formal are based on letter forms from the 17th and 18th century and are usually generated by quill or nib of a metal pen, these create thick and thin strokes, giving variation throughout.
ROMAN
A 15th century serif typeface based on the European scribal manuscript style from the 1400’s. It’s derived from inscribing letters in stone.

ITALIC
This is where the type is slightly to the right side, this gives a sense of importance to a particular area of text. This style is based on calligraphic styled handwriting and applies to both upper and lowercase letters.

MAJUSCULE
This is a form of large lettering (usually capitals) where all the letters are the same height. These date back as far as the 13th century.

MINUSCULE
It is a typeface for extremely small sizes, which could be used under a threshold of legibility.

GEOMETRIC
These are made up of even strokes with all the same weight and there forms are based on circular and triangular forms.

CONDENSED
In printing when the type is narrower than usual for a particular height.

LIGATURE
This where two letters are joined together as a single character.

GOTHIC
Also known as Sans Serif. Derived from Carolingian Minuscules. Used to give a scary/intimidating feel to specific words.

SLAB SERIF
These typefaces all have their strokes the exact same weight giving a sense of even flow throughout the typeface.
 CLARENDON
Extremely popular and recognizable world wide. It was heavily used for the German Empire in WW1.

TRIANGULAR SERIF
Most common forms of serif and get their name simply from their shape which is slightly more triangular.

BIFURCATED
This is when the serif on a typeface is split into two usually in a curved fashion differing hugely from simple sans serif typefaces with flat blocky ends.

TRIFURCATED
These are very similar to bifurcated only rather than the serif just being split in two, there is a small spike poking out of the two slopes of the serif. This creates a similar effect of light heartedness like with the Bifurcated but there is much more exaggerated feel which increases the atmosphere of playfulness.

VESTIGIAL
These are letter forms that have noticeable tails, flourishes, or other elements that come from earlier written forms of the letter where that feature was more dramatic.

FAT FACE
These typefaces are usually all in capitals and are extremely bold. This was introduced in the 19th century in Europe in response to the sudden increase in discovery and invention. This also altered the appearance of advertising in that era.

NESTING
Nesting is where you create a small box or shaped area, where an illuminated capital is put. That shape is specifically shaped for that letter.
SUPERIOR LETTERS
This is where the lower case letter is placed above the baseline and made smaller than ordinary script.

VERSALS LOMBARDIC
When enlarged decorated letters are placed at the beginning of each verse of a poem, they are called versals.
